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A general typology of urban phenomenon in developing countries is the coexistence of ‘hard’ - tall structures with ‘soft’ kampongs which, in many cases, are slum settlements. Urban renewal practices in developing countries provide evidence that removing slum-squatter settlements from the heart of the city is not socially and economically viable, while the availability of land for bussiness and economic activity is getting scarce. Removal activities of squatters and hawkers from urban landscape, thad lead to social unrest are common in the capital city of developing countries, and Jakarta is no exception– the capital city of Indonesia.
The growth of urban population which is nearly 50% of total population in developing countries has pushed a pressure for urban development innitiatives to creatively promote pro-poor urban development. Kampong improvement programs and urban upgradings are common solutions found in many countries. These innitiatives have provided options and types of urban renewal where many countries experience failures and successes.
